Paul Morrissey Initially conceived to beat John Schlesingers Midnight Cowboy (1969) to the box office, Morrisseys directorial feature debut is a defining moment in American independent cinema
Mutagenic and Genotoxic Effect of Pan Masala The mutagenic and genotoxic potential of PM and its main constituents are assessed through many studies [summarized in [Figure 1].[] In vitro studies using aqueous extract of PM on Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO) have shown that there is elevation in sister chromatin exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleated cells (MN).[] Studies in male mice using aqueous suspension of PM have shown increased X-Y univalent frequency, sperm head abnormalities and significant delay in cell cycle progression.[] The increased production of superoxide ions led to increased lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and triggered apoptotic cell death which was similar to tobacco containing products.[] Mice fed on diet containing PM showed that the percentage of micronuclei in polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes was 0.421.66 and 0.300.74 respectively with respect to the controls 0.42 and 0.30 respectively.[] Carcinogenic Effect of Pan Masala Of the several ingredients of PM, areca nut is a proven carcinogen and catechu, lime may have carcinogenic potential.[] PM mixture contains nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, residual pesticides and toxic metals like lead, cadmium, nickel.[] Areca nut contains various alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, guvacoline) which lead to formation of nitrosamines in the saliva
Lehman, Peter (2003)
By understanding puff counts, nicotine strength, and individual usage habits, vapers can accurately estimate how many cigarettes a single device can replace
It's from the '96 crop and tinned in 2003
