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Our two coders identified the presence of at least one of the following key elements in the image: a vape device or parts including e-juice, coils, mouthpieces etc., 258 (98.47%), kalpha = 1, vaping behavior such as a vape cloud, 85 (32.44%), kalpha = 1, or a person, 80 (30.53%), kalpha = 1, or group of people, 2 (0.76%), kalpha = 1, actively drawing (inhaling from a vape)

However, they found a direct relationship between the concentration of microplastics and the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) cytokines, compared to the control samples 14

Five to ten micro liters of the filtered smoke solution was diluted with mobile phase and 20 l of this diluted solution was injected to the HPLC column with the UV detector set at 294 nm

(Optional) North East England North West England Yorkshire and the Humber East of England East Midlands West Midlands London South East England South West England Prefer not to say Which of the following best describes your smoking habits (including heated tobacco use)

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