glutathione peroxidase reductase enzyme system Glutathione-Related Enzymes and Proteins: A Review Biosynthesis of GSH and GSH/GSSG

Folic Acid Promotes Recycling of Tetrahydrobiopterin and Protects Against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Recoupling Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Annu Rev Biochem 58, 743764 Polekhina G, Board PG, Blackburn AC, Parker MW (2001) Crystal structure of maleylacetoacetate isomerase/glutathione transferase zeta reveals the molecular basis for its remarkable catalytic promiscuity

Vitamin C exerts immunomodulatory activity, enhancing interferon production through STAT3 phosphorylation (90), limiting cytokine-induced organ damage (55), promoting survival in lethal infections (54) and, importantly, is able to recycle oxidized quercetin (120), enhancing its antiviral effects

the reabsorbed amino acids are then used to effectively resynthesize GSH in hepatocytes

At the same time, GSH is oxidized to GSH disulfide, which is then decreased back to GSH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent on GSH reductase to enter the next cycle